91Â鶹¹ú²ú¾«Æ·×ÔÅÄ

In the Netherlands, an overarching national open science policy direction has been in development together with key players across the scientific landscape, starting with the National Plan for Open Science in 2017 and evolving into the National Programme for Open Science (NPOS) in 2019. NPOS has received annual funding for open science coordination from both the Ministry for Education, Culture and Science and from the Association of Research Universities.

Citizen science practitioners formed a Working Group in 2020 in a bottom-up initiative to embed citizen science within NPOS as one of the key pillars alongside FAIR Data and Open Access, resulting in citizen science becoming a third Programme Line within NPOS in 2021 and the launch of the first national network for citizen science in 2022.

A more ambitious perspective towards open science took shape over the course of 2021 in response to the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, with key contributions from the wider research community from an early stage. The NPOS strategic goals and ambitions towards 2030 (to which 78 institutions, networks, communities, and individuals submitted feedback via an open consultation process) have been aligned with the Recommendation, the first goal being: "Close collaboration between knowledge institutions, government, industry, and citizens to strengthen the international position of Dutch science and optimize the processes of creating, sharing, and communicating knowledge for the benefit of society."

Via this open consultative process, NPOS has developed a Rolling Agenda to achieve the NPOS Ambition 2030, including the Action Line "Towards Societal Engagement and Citizen Science". Together, these NPOS outputs will inform investment in open science in the Netherlands.

In June 2022, the Minister of Education, Culture and Science announced that 20 million euros will be allocated for opening up science each year from 2023 to 2033, with explicit support for multi-stakeholder participation in the knowledge chain, bottom-up research practices that tackle societal issues, and participatory collaborations between scientific and societal actors.

The Dutch Research Council has been given the responsibility of overseeing the investment of this impulse funding towards open science via an internal governance body "Open Science NL", based on the NPOS Ambition Document and Rolling Agenda.