Memory of the World
Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei, draft manuscript page and Das Kapital. Erster Band, Karl Marx's personal annotated copy
The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital are two of the most important publications of the 19th century hugely influential to the present day Both were written by Karl Marx in cooperation with Friedrich Engels Both were translated in practically every language and published worldwide These writings had a tremendous impact on the development of socialist communist and other revolutionary movements throughout the 19th and 20st century The writings of Marx and Engels were rigidly interpreted and used to justify repression and the absolute control of the state over the individual In many African Asian and Latin American countries Marxism was a main source of inspiration for liberation movements
Germany, Netherlands -
Memory of the World
Patent DRP 37435 “Vehicle with gas engine operation” submitted by Carl Benz, 1886
The patent for a, Vehicle with gas engine operation, which Carl Benz submitted in 1886 is of worldwide significance and documents the beginning of the emergence of individual mobilization in industrialized countries and its spread throughout the world There are also a number of rare contextualizing historical documents in the company archive of Daimler AG from the time of the first series production in 1888 and the market introduction of the gasoline automobile documents which together with the patent bear witness in a unique and irreplaceable way to the origin of todays, automobile society
Germany -
Memory of the World
Lorsch Pharmacopoeia (The Bamberg State Library, Msc.Med.1)
The Lorsch Pharmacopoeia MscMed1 in the Bamberg State Library is the earliest reliably datable compendium of classical remedies in the GrecoRoman tradition from the Latin Early Middle Ages in Europe It was fundamental in the reappraisal of medicine over the course of the Carolingian educational reform in the late eighth century Its foreword provides the earliest and most comprehensive surviving intellectual discussion from the Carolingian age that seeks to justify systematically a positive reception of classical learning The manuscript undertakes an innovative scientific approach to medicine put forward under the premise of a positive and theologically based evaluation of humankinds physical environment
Germany -
Memory of the World
Al-Masaalik Wa Al-Mamaalik
The AlMasaalik Wa AlMamaalik is one of the most important geographical books from the 4th century AH10 CE which presents an accurate description of the then socioeconomic cultural and political conditions of the Islamic lands from India to Africa supplemented by maps ? ? ?
Iran (Islamic Republic of), Germany -
Memory of the World
Codex Manesse (Heidelberg University Library, Cod. Pal. germ. 848)
The Codex Manesse is a medieval songbook which contains a huge and comprehensive collection of love songs from the larger German speaking world in the 12th and 13th century The songs have clearly been collected and arranged with the intention to provide and preserve a documented overview of this genre that was usually transmitted orally The Codex Manesse is illustrated with 137 colourful highquality portraits of poets which have become equally popular Both songs and portraits have shaped and defined the historic image of the medieval court culture in Western Europe up to the present day Pictures from the Codex Manesse have been used in almost every illustrated handbook on European medieval court culture and courtly literature The arrangement of the poems according to the social status of their authors shows a deliberate plan which is quite exceptional for medieval collections of poetry
Germany -
Memory of the World
Behaim Globe
The Behaim Globe is the worlds earliest surviving terrestrial globe Created at the turning point between the pre and postColumbian eras it is a milestone in the history of cartography The globe was commissioned by the Nuremberg city council and was constructed and illustrated between 1492 and 1494 at the same time that Christopher Columbus was on his first and second voyages westward The New World is not yet depicted Eurasia and Africa still dominate the image of the world Thus in a unique way the globe represents the crucial productive mistake that prompted Columbuss westward voyage The globes images and texts display about 2000 placenames more than 200 cartographic symbols and many inscriptions which report general knowledge from the time around 1500 Thus it is an outstanding compendium of both old and new eras simultaneously reflecting earlier static geohistorical knowledge and new media invented to advance a dynamic global exchange
Germany -
Memory of the World
Early cylinder recordings of the world's musical traditions (1893-1952) in the Berlin Phonogramm-Archiv
The Berlin PhonogrammArchive is a part of the musicological section of the Ethnographical Museum State Museum at Berlin Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation Berliner PhonogrammArchiv am Museum für V?lkerkunde Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Stiftung Preu?ischer Kulturbesitz More than 145000 recordings of mussic representing the cultural heritage of many cultures all over the world excluding Western Art and Pop music are stored on completely different sound carriers such as Edisonphonograms analog and digital tapes and all kinds of discs from 78 shellac discs to LPs and CDs This is a worldwide unique sound collection with universal significance and intercultural dimensions
Germany -
Memory of the World
The literary estate of Goethe in the Goethe and Schiller Archives
The literary estate of Goethe is the most important holding of the Stiftung Weimarer Klassik Goethe and Schiller Archives GSA in Weimar Goethe still is the bestknown German writer and poet worldwide and this collection of manuscripts includes the most important of his creative works As a result of Goethes activities to create his own archives of written records during the second half of his life the bulk of todays holdings were established These comprehensive archives left by Goethe represent the original core of the Goethe and Schiller Archives It encloses manuscripts of all periods of Goethes life Therefore it reflects the artistic creation of Goethe as well as his philosophical and intellectual horizon The Foundation added and still adds to this original core writings by Goethe that were found in other peoples estates Including fictional as well as non fictional work ie diaries letters and scientific essays the estate of Goethe in its unity completeness and range of holdings today represents a unique record not only of the creative work of Goethe but reflects in Goethes works the whole Classical Period in Germany
Germany -
Memory of the World
The illuminated manuscripts of Charlemagne's Court School
The illuminated manuscripts of the Court School of Charlemagne are amongst the preeminent highlights of medieval culture The most important artists and scholars of the epoch gathered at Charlemagnes court and created there a Centre dexcellence of international standing and farreaching influence The magnificently illuminated codices draw upon examples of Roman Byzantine and Insular art Simultaneously these led to the development of a new style characterized by great creativity and efficacy At the time of their creation and to this day these illuminated manuscripts of the Court School represent a shining pillar casting a bright light on the ideal of the political and cultural unity of the Carolingian empire As imperial gifts they were given to highranking dignitaries and important medieval cultural centres such as Tours Trier Lorsch Centula and Soissons Thus the work of the Court School had a formative influence on the entire epoch and cultural space
Germany -
UNESDOC
Adapting technology for school improvement: a global perspective
UNESDOC
From tools to an internal quality assurance system: University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
UNESDOC
Patterns of development and use of codes of conduct for teachers in 24 countries