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The area of the Biosphere Reserve is the largest conserved floodplain complex in the upper course of the Danube River in Serbia and also one of the largest floodplains along the middle section of the Danube, surrounded by a number of traditional villages and settlements. The area has a specific combination of ecological conditions: it is situated in the contact zone between the Central European and South Eastern European forest zone with steppes, and it has characteristic hydrological dynamics. In combination with complex and centuries-long human influences, those natural preconditions have resulted in very rich and specific landscape, habitat and species diversity.The primary habitats are: alluvial forests, Pannonian salt steppes and salt marshes, mesotrophic standing waters, natural eutrophic lakes, muddy river shores, alluvial wetlands, wet meadows, sand deposits, river islets, sand shores, floodplains, oxbows, abandoned river beds, meanders.The floodplain complex along the Danube has a rich fauna, in particular: Bechstein’s bat (Myotis bechsteinii), otter (Lutra lutra), and red dear (Cervus elaphus). One Prime Butterfly Area (PBA) exists in nominated Biosphere Reserve: Gornje Podunavlje. In total, 156 taxa of butterflies have been recorded in this area. The floodplain is also very important as a fish spawning site.