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In the heart of Burundi, two extraordinary natural landscapes - Kibira and Rusizi National Parks - are working towards global recognition as UNESCO Biosphere Reserves and World Heritage Sites. Renowned for their rich biodiversity and cultural significance, these parks became the focal point of a transformative ten-day mission in July 2024, undertaken as part of the Earth Network project, with the support of the Government of Italy.

With a team of international experts working alongside local communities and conservationists, this mission sought to lay the groundwork for these parks’ nomination, highlighting the delicate balance between ecological preservation and sustainable development.

From 15 to 24 July, an expert team led by biodiversity specialist Mr Amadou Boureima (Niger) and World Heritage expert Mr Souayibou Varisou (Benin) joined forces with Burundi’s Office of Environmental Protection and the National Commission for UNESCO (COMNAT). The mission aimed to support the parks’ nomination by addressing the dual challenges of protecting biodiversity and improving local livelihoods.

Key concerns were addressed included the impact of agricultural expansion, road construction, and hydroelectric project dams on the park’s ecosystem. At the same time, the mission explored how these parks could contribute to Burundi’s development through eco-tourism and sustainable management.

The mission began with two capacity-building workshops in the capital city, Bujumbura. These workshops brought together park managers, community leaders, and conservationists to explore the role of biosphere reserves and World Heritage Sites in addressing ecological challenges. Topics included how biosphere reserves are zoned, their benefits to local communities, and UNESCO’s approach to conservation and development. Following these sessions, the team spent four days in the field, visiting both parks. They conducted interviews, hosted community discussions, and facilitated group activities. These engagements revealed the deep connection local people have with the parks. For instance, villagers emphasised the importance of medicinal plants and clean water sources that the parks provide, reinforcing the need to protect these ecosystems.

Kibira National Park forms a vital green corridor in East Africa, seamlessly extending into Rwanda’s Nyungwe National Park. This lush forest plays a critical role in sustaining the Congo and Nile basins as a key source of drinkable water. It is also deeply connected to the lives of the Batwa indigenous community, who depend on its resources for food, natural materials, and cultural traditions.

Rusizi National Park, in contrast, is a rich tapestry of wetlands and ecosystems, home to an abundance of endemic species. It includes the extraordinary Lake Tanganyika, Africa’s largest freshwater reservoir, which supports over 500 endemic species. Surrounding the park, local communities manage agricultural fields, villages, and a sacred cemetery, demonstrating the intricate harmony between human activity and the natural environment.

Based on their importance, a key outcome of the mission was the technical support provided to Burundi’s conservationists in preparing nomination files for UNESCO. Detailed strategies were laid out, focusing on finalising the biosphere reserve proposal forms and establishing clear next steps for their submission.

The mission also highlighted the economic opportunities arising from biosphere reserve status, such as developing ecotourism and attracting international development funding. These initiatives could bolster Burundi’s economy while preserving its natural heritage.

The collaboration demonstrated that preserving natural heritage does not have to come at the expense of local communities. By combining traditional knowledge with scientific expertise, the mission paved the way for a sustainable future where both people and nature thrive.

Training sessions and community dialogue helped build local understanding of the benefits of biosphere reserves. Beyond protecting biodiversity, these designations can unlock access to international funding, improve local infrastructure, and create jobs in eco-friendly industries.

For Burundi, recognising Kibira and Rusizi National Parks as UNESCO sites would mark a significant milestone. It would safeguard their rich biodiversity, including critical water sources and endemic species, while empowering local communities to benefit from sustainable development opportunities.

This mission, supported through the Earth Network project, exemplifies the importance of global cooperation. By bringing together expertise, resources, and local voices, it has set the stage for these remarkable parks to shine on the global stage.

As Burundi advances its efforts toward UNESCO designation, this endeavour underscores the vital importance of safeguarding natural and cultural heritage as a shared responsibility—honouring the unique and irreplaceable wonders of our planet.