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As part of UNESCO's Earth Network Project, a team of dedicated experts recently embarked on a transformative mission to the Mananara Nord Biosphere Reserve (MNBR) in northeastern Madagascar. From 20 January to 14 February, 2024, Duolah Fanambinantsoa, a sustainable fisheries and aquaculture expert, Roddy Michel Randriatsara, a marine resource management specialist, and Moumouni Ouedraogo, an expert in protected area management, joined forces to tackle the pressing environmental and socio-economic challenges facing this unique biosphere reserve.

This initiative was more than a technical operation—it was a blend of science, tradition, and community-driven action aimed at securing a sustainable future for both the reserve’s extraordinary biodiversity and the 54,000 people who depend on it.

Mananara Nord is a treasure trove of life, encompassing lush rainforests and thriving marine ecosystems across its 1,443.7 km² expanse. Its rich biodiversity includes numerous species found nowhere else on Earth. But the biosphere reserve is more than a sanctuary for wildlife—it’s a lifeline for the predominantly Betsimisaraka population, who live off the land and sea through vanilla farming, clove cultivation, fishing, and eco-tourism.

However, overexploitation of natural resources threatens this fragile balance. Deforestation, illegal logging, and overfishing are straining ecosystems and endangering livelihoods. Recognising the urgency of these issues, the Earth Network mission set out to empower local communities and strengthen the biosphere reserve’s management with innovative tools and inclusive strategies.

At the heart of the mission was the integration of local knowledge and cutting-edge expertise. The team conducted comprehensive training sessions with the Madagascar National Parks (MNP) staff, equipping them with Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping tools and advanced techniques for monitoring marine biodiversity. These tools will enable the reserve’s managers to collect precise data and make informed decisions to safeguard natural resources.

Beyond the technical workshops, the mission reached deep into the communities. Fishers, farmers, and other stakeholders attended sessions on sustainable practices tailored to their needs. Fishers learned to adopt climate-resilient techniques and use GPS devices to identify new fishing areas, optimize catches, and ensure compliance with conservation measures. Meanwhile, women explored innovative ways to process and add value to fish products, opening new avenues for income and resilience.

A cornerstone of the mission was the preparation for the reintroduction of the Propithecus diadema, an iconic golden-furred lemur species once native to Mananara Nord. The team worked closely with local communities in the villages of Varary and Marafototra, gathering cultural narratives and traditional knowledge about lemur conservation.

Community elders recounted ancient rituals and stories that emphasized harmony with nature, inspiring younger generations to reconnect with these values. Field visits to the reserve identified potential habitats for the lemur, ensuring its future survival in a setting that respects its ecological needs and historical presence.

Recognising the critical role of women and youth in conservation, the mission prioritised their engagement. Women shared insights on sustainable practices and expressed keen interest in diversifying livelihoods, such as exploring opportunities in eco-tourism and value-added agricultural products. Young people participated actively in workshops, signaling a generational shift toward environmental stewardship.

The mission also fostered a spirit of collaboration by encouraging dialogue between MNP staff and the local population. This cooperative approach not only built trust but also empowered the community to take ownership of their natural heritage.

As the mission drew to a close, it left behind more than just knowledge—it planted seeds of resilience and hope. By blending advanced scientific methods with the wisdom of local traditions, the experts and communities of Mananara Nord have charted a path toward a sustainable future. This collaborative effort stands as a testament to the power of unity in addressing the world’s most pressing environmental challenges.

Mananara Nord is not just a biosphere reserve; it is a living testament to the harmony that can exist between people and nature. With the continued support of the Earth Network and the dedication of local communities, this balance can endure for generations to come.