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The UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science has set an international standard of guiding principles for Open Science. It encompasses a set of principles and practices aimed at making scientific research from all fields accessible to everyone for the benefit of scientists and society as a whole. Open Science emphasizes not only accessibility but also inclusivity, equity, and sustainability in the production of scientific knowledge. 

This publication has laid out a strategic framework to integrate Open Science into hydrology, illustrating its true potential to enhance research transparency, collaboration, and accessibility within water management practices. 

The six pillars — open data, open source, open publishing, open infrastructure, open education, and open participation — constitute the structure of the Open Hydrology framework designed to promote transparency and reproducibility. 

The Open Hydrology framework advocates for the accessibility of hydrological research to a broad spectrum of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Free and equal access to hydrological knowledge, technology, and tools is indispensable for FAIR advancement and innovation in addressing the current intricate water challenges.