Today, women make up only one third of the global scientific community. And only 35% of all students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) related fields of study are women. What would the world look like with more women in science?
On International Day of Women and Girls in Science, Professor Karanja shared with UNESCO her personal journey, challenges, and vision for a more inclusive scientific world.
You are Kenya’s first woman to attain a PhD in Geoinformatics. How did you first get interested in this field?
My interest dates back to high school when we were required to choose career paths. Surveying was one of the options, but I noticed that very few, if any, girls were selecting it. Out of curiosity, I decided to pursue it, and over time, it evolved into geoinformation. I have never regretted that decision, it has been an exciting and fulfilling journey.
How would you describe your educational and career journey in a male-dominated field?
It has been both exciting and challenging. Without female role models to look up to, it was sometimes difficult to navigate. However, my focus, self-belief, and support from male colleagues helped me persevere. Even as a student, I was one of only two girls in my class, but our male classmates were supportive and encouraging. That sense of allyship has been instrumental in my journey.
Who inspired you growing up?
My parents were my greatest inspiration. My father was a teacher, and my mother was a farmer. They firmly believed in girls’ education and constantly encouraged us to pursue our dreams. Their unwavering support is the foundation of who I am today.
What would the world look like with more women in science?
It would be fantastic! More women in science would mean diverse perspectives in the design of infrastructure, equipment, and technology. Women’s needs and experiences would be integrated into solutions, creating a more inclusive and innovative world. Leaving 50% of the population behind is not an option—we must co-create and develop solutions together.
What should be done to close the gender gap in science?
Several interventions can help. First, mentorship is crucial. I have been involved in UNESCO’s mentorship programme since 2014, helping girls in high school see STEM as a viable path. Second, schools, especially girls' schools, need equal resources to facilitate science learning. Lastly, at the family and institutional levels, we must eliminate stereotypes and actively encourage girls to pursue science.
What message do you have for girls and young women aspiring to be scientists?
Science belongs to everyone. Women and girls are not just participants: We are innovators and pioneers. Believe in yourself, stay focused, and create an environment that empowers you. A change in mindset is key: Science is for all genders, and we all have the capacity to excel in it.
What role do you see UNESCO playing in closing the gender gap in science?
91鶹Ʒ a significant role in advocating for science education and supporting women in STEM. Through mentorship programmes and partnerships, they help increase the number of women in science and ensure that the gender gap continues to narrow. Their contributions, along with those of other organizations, are vital in making science more inclusive.
