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Through a series of key informant interviews and secondary data analysis, the report provides an overview of the situation facing private higher education institutions in Afghanistan. 

• The report found that the exclusion of women and girls from higher education poses immense threat to the survival of the private higher education subsector, as many female students and instructors had to leave these institutions.  
• The reduction in student enrolment because of the wider economic downturn led to a drastic decline in tuition fee, which caused financial hardship among private higher education institutions. 
• Private universities in Afghanistan lost 28% of their income immediately after the restrictions on higher education for women became effective. 31% of the private universities are in the verge of closure due to financial difficulties.