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While AI represents rapid scientific advances, its integration must align with open science principles to ensure replicability, credibility, equity and trustworthiness. Open science offers mutual benefits for AI by expanding participation in research and promoting inclusive practices. The open science approach, when combined with AI technologies, can significantly contribute to addressing the current pressing global threats.

Associated with these opportunities are diverse challenges arising from the increased adoption of AI. These challenges such as the black-box nature of AI systems and the dominance of private companies in advancements pose significant obstacles. These include the reproducibility crisis (in which other researchers cannot replicate experiments conducted using AI tools); interdisciplinarity (where limited collaboration between AI and non-AI disciplines can lead to an inconsistent uptake of AI across science); and data challenges (while high quality data is foundational to AI applications, researchers consistently face challenges related to its volume, heterogeneity and potential for bias). There are fundamental barriers limiting the adoption of open science principles, due to the black-box nature of AI systems and the phenomenon of private companies outpacing academic institutions at AI-powered research. Furthermore, the changing incentives across the scientific ecosystem may be increasing pressure on researchers to be ‘good at AI’ rather than ‘good at science’.

Addressing these challenges requires applying open science principles to AI, particularly focusing on transparency. Overcoming cultural and economic barriers is essential to fostering a culture of open science in AI-driven scientific research.

The conference will be hosted jointly by UNESCO and the Royal Society. 

It will be followed by a cocktail reception.

The United Kingdom-based Royal Society is a Fellowship of many of the world's most eminent scientists, engineers and technologists from across the scientific landscape, the Society recognises excellence and elects Fellows and Foreign Members from all over the world. There are currently approximately 1,800 Fellows and Foreign Members, including around 85 Nobel Laureates. The Royal Society, established in 1660, is the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence. It is a registered charity which provides financial support for scientists at various stages of their careers, funding programmes that advance understanding of our world, organising scientific conferences to foster discussion and collaboration, and publishing scientific journals.  The Royal Society is a national academy, which represents the UK research community and collaborates with international partners to advocate for science and its benefits. It provides authoritative and independent advice on matters of science that support the public good, including policies that promote excellent science and scientific issues that inform public policy. 

The Royal Society recently finalised a landmark publication entitled: “Science in the age of AI: How artificial intelligence is changing the nature and method of scientific research.”