91Â鶹¹ú²ú¾«Æ·×ÔÅÄ

??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????.

????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.

??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???.

????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????.

???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????:

?????: ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????-?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????.

???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????. ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????.

?????: ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? 250 ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? "????? ?????? ??????? ???????????" ??????? ??? ????? ?? 18 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 170 ????? ??? ???. ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? 5000 ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 335 ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? 2300 ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????.

??????? ????? ??????? ???????????: ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? 1000 ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? 2190 ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????.    

?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????: "Pounjib" (1533) ?"Chongguyongon" (1727) ?"Kwangokjib" (1895).

??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? "???????" ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? 0,6- ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? 19,8- ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????/?????.

???????: ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? 

??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????. ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? 170 ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???. ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? "speleothem" ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? 6000 ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???. 

???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? "minga" ?"turkana" ???? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????? "Pacha Mama" ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? "Pushak Runakunas" ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? "Yachak Awakkuna" ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?"mullos"? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????. ????? ?????? "Mikusha Kawsari" ??? ????? ????? ???? "chakra" ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.

???????: ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? 417 ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1797 ???? 1949? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? 1999 ?2016? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????.   

???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? "GeoAmigo" ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? "Casa del Volc¨¢n" ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? "Las Caras" ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 2006? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.

?????????: ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. 

???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????.

?????????: ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? 201 ????? ??? ??? 145 ????? ???. ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????. ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????.

??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? "??????"? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? "Balanting Paring". ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 1335? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????.

???????: ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????

??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?"lamas"? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? "speleothems"? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? 25,000 ??? ???????. 

?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? "jazzi"? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?"tratturi" (?????? ???? ???????)? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????: "????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????". ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? "??? ?????"? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? "???? ??? ??????". ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????.

???????: ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???425 ?395 ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? 10000 ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.

????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? " ?? ?? ??"? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????.

??????? ?????: ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? 1,9 ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? 200 ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.

??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????.

??????? ?????: ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? 870 ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????-???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? "??? ??????? ???????"? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????.

????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? "????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????" ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? "????? ??????????" ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ????????: ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????.

???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 370 ?????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? "???????? ??????????" ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????.

??????? ??????? ????????: ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????

??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 740 ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.

?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? "????? ???????" ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????.

???????: ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????

???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????.

????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? "????????". ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ??????: "??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???." ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????.

??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????: ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????

???? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? 600 ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ???? ?? 156 ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.

???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? "??????"? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????. ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ???? ?? 260 ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? "???? ?????? ???"? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1830? ?"????? ?????? ???????"? ?"?????? ??? ?????? ???????".

???? ???: ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? 

?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ¨C ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? "?? ?????" - ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? 40 ??? 20 ????? ??? ???. ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???. ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? "??? ???" - ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? - ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????.

????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? "?????"? ?"????"? ?"???"? ?"???"? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? "??? ???" ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? "?????? ???"? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?"?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????". ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? "???" ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????.

???? ?? ????????

??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? 194 ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? 54 ?????? ????? ???? ?? 2300 ???. ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? 2000 ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 13 ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????.

"??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????".

- ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? 1945.    

?????????: