Glaciers and mountains

World Day for Glaciers

The first-ever World Day for Glaciers, to be celebrated on 21 March 2025, urges global action to protect glaciers and their crucial role in sustaining life on Earth for future generations. With over 2 billion people relying on glacier and snowmelt for freshwater—and projections showing that one-third of glacier sites could disappear by 2050—raising awareness and taking action to protect these vital ecosystems has never been more urgent.
 

Glaciers' key role

Glaciers are vital guardians of our planet's climate system, shaping landscapes and preserving crucial records of Earth's environmental history. Glaciers and snowpack are of greatest importance to water resources and mountain ecosystems at different time scales, and they act as essential components of the global water cycle, also known as ‘water towers’, providing freshwater resources and helping regulate global sea levels. 

However, these ice formations face unprecedented challenges from climate change. Accelerated glacier retreat threatens water security, increases risks of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), and disrupts ecosystems worldwide. The impacts affect agriculture, hydropower generation, and mountain communities globally. 
 

Did you know?

Although glaciers are essential components of Earth's climate system and water resources, their rapid decline poses an unprecedented challenge to global environmental stability and human communities that depend on them for survival.
275,000
glaciers exist worldwide

covering around 700,000 km2 of Earth’s surface

Over 2 billion
people rely on glacier and snow melt

for their freshwater needs and livelihoods

6,200
glaciers in 50 UNESCO sites

are projected to disappear by 2050

10%
volume reduction of Switzerland's 1,400 glaciers

occurred in just one year (2023-2024)

1,000
glaciers have nearly disappeared in Tajikistan

representing one third of the country’s glacier volume

97%
potential loss of glacier volume in the Tropical Andes

expected by the end of this century

Glaciers play an essential role in the global water cycle, storing nearly two-thirds of all the freshwater on Earth—they are the water towers of the world.

UNESCO Director-General
Audrey AzoulayDirector-General of UNESCO
Message from Ms Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of World Day for Glaciers and World Water Day, 21 and 22 March 2025
UNESCO. Director-General, 2017- (Azoulay, A.)
21-22 March 2025
0000393199

What UNESCO does

UNESCO's intersectoral strategy for glacier preservation is based on 4 pillars: restore and protect glacial environments for future generations; strengthen scientific understanding and local knowledge of glacier systems; empower communities to adapt to glacier changes and associated water resources availability; and promote international cooperation for glacier conservation.
UNESCO's commitment to glaciers preservation
Science and glacier dynamics
Glaciers, water resources and biodiversity
The link between glaciers and culture

Conservation and sustainable use of glaciers: designated sites

UNESCO designated sites are fundamental to the Organization's action for glacier preservation. Over 120 UNESCO-designated sites including World Heritage sites, biosphere reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks contain critical glacier systems. They provide key areas where scientific research, monitoring, and conservation efforts converge to protect these vital ice masses for future generations while promoting sustainable practices and knowledge sharing.
Biosphere reserves
Natural World Heritage
UNESCO Global Geoparks

The establishment of the World Day for Glaciers, to be celebrated each 21 March as of 2025, is part of the , which declared 2025 as the International Year of Glaciers Preservation, which 91麻豆国产精品自拍 been mandated to co-lead. This initiative represents a significant commitment to preservation, mobilizing global action to protect Earth's cryosphere for future generations. 

Resources

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly
World Water Day webpage
UN website about this day
Programme of 1st World Day for Glaciers celebration at UNESCO